Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection that affects millions of people worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. It can cause high fever, severe body pain, and sometimes fatal complications.
The causative agent of dengue is the Dengue Virus (DENV), which belongs to the Flavivirus family. It is transmitted primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
There are four distinct serotypes of the Dengue virus: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. Infection with one serotype provides lifelong immunity to that particular type, but not to the others.
The dengue virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. These mosquitoes are active during the day, especially early morning and late afternoon.
The primary vector responsible for transmitting the dengue virus is the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It thrives in urban areas and breeds in stagnant water, such as puddles, plant pots, and open containers.
Common symptoms of dengue fever include: – High fever – Severe headache – Pain behind the eye – Joint and muscle pain – Rash – Nausea and vomiting
In severe cases, dengue can develop into Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), which can cause bleeding, blood plasma leakage, and even death if untreated.
When infected with one serotype of the dengue virus, the body develops antibodies. However, if reinfected with a different serotype, the existing antibodies may worsen the disease in a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE).
Dengue is diagnosed through blood tests that detect the virus or antibodies produced in response to infection. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management.
There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue. Prevention involves: – Eliminating mosquito breeding site – Using insect repellent – Wearing protective clothing – Using mosquito net
A dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, has been developed, but it is only recommended for individuals who have had a previous dengue infection and live in high-risk areas.
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection that affects millions of people worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. It can cause high fever, severe body pain, and sometimes fatal complications.